EPW weather files
What is inside an EPW weather file, where the data comes from, and how to open, check and use one on a project.
Typical meteorological year (TMY)
How typical meteorological years are selected, how TMY, TMYx and ISO 15927-4 reference years differ, and when to use actual or extreme years instead.
Reanalysis data and ERA5
How reanalysis datasets such as ERA5, ERA5-Land, CERRA and NORA3 work, what their resolution means for a building site, and how they compare with station data.
Köppen climate classification
What each letter of a Köppen-Geiger code means, how the thresholds work, where to find reliable maps and how climate zones are shifting.
ASHRAE 169 climate zones
How ASHRAE 169 thermal zones and moisture regimes are defined, how to find a site's zone and where the zones are used.
Heating and cooling degree days
What HDD and CDD measure, how base temperatures work, how to calculate them and how they are used in codes and energy analysis.
Future weather files and morphing
How morphing combines an observed weather year with climate model projections, how the methods differ and what future weather files can and cannot tell you.
SSP climate scenarios
What the five main SSP scenarios mean, how much warming each implies over a building's life and how to choose scenarios for design.
How to read a wind rose
Petals, frequency rings, speed bands and calms explained, with the checks and design uses that matter on a building project.
How to read a sun path diagram
Altitude, azimuth, date and hour lines, polar and cylindrical charts, and how shading masks test overhangs and fins.
Psychrometric chart for architects
The axes and curves of the psychrometric chart, where comfort zones sit on it, and how to read a climate's hours for passive design.
Passive design strategies by climate
How bioclimatic charts link ventilation, thermal mass, evaporative cooling, internal gains and passive solar heating to the climates where they work.
UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index)
What UTCI measures, its four inputs, the ten stress categories with their thresholds, its limits and how to use it in outdoor design.
Adaptive thermal comfort
ASHRAE 55 and EN 16798-1 adaptive comfort: when the method applies, the equations and limits, and how to use them in naturally ventilated design.
GHI, DNI and DHI
What GHI, DNI and DHI mean, how they relate, their units and data sources, and how they feed façade, shading and PV design.
Grid carbon intensity
What gCO₂e/kWh measures, the difference between average, marginal, lifecycle and direct factors, and where the data comes from.
Site climate analysis for architecture
A step-by-step method for the climate layer of an architectural site analysis: where to get the data, what to read, what to put on the sheet and how each finding becomes a design move.
Climate-responsive design
The principles of climate-responsive design, and the strategies that suit hot-dry, hot-humid, temperate and cold climates, grounded in building science sources.
See your site's climate before design begins
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